Here is a typology and comparative analysis of mental health and poverty worker systems by country or ideological model, with attention to how suspicion, moralization, and dehumanization are encoded—and where, if anywhere, they are resisted or ruptured.

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🗺️ TYPOLOGY OF CARE AND CONTROL SYSTEMS: MENTAL HEALTH & POVERTY WORKERS

This typology maps four main systemic orientations, with country-level examples and key features of how professionals are trained, how they relate to claimants or patients, and how violence is expressed or softened.

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1. Punitive-Neoliberal Managerialism

🟥 Dominant in: United Kingdom, United States, Australia, New Zealand, increasingly Canada
🔧 Ideology: Workfare, risk management, personal responsibility
🧠 Professional Training: Cognitive-behavioral scripts, risk triage, compliance enforcement
🎭 Face of Care: Cold empathy, disbelief, conditionality
💣 Forms of Violence:

• Benefits sanctions and surveillance

• Deficit-model

• Emotional withdrawal

• Moral suspicion (Are you malingering? Are you dangerous?)
  🛑 Deviants: The "non-engaging," the "non-compliant," the "uncooperative," the "aggressive"

🧷 Notable Ruptures:

• Survivor-led peer support movements

• Radical social workers and underground harm-reduction networks

• Disability justice activism in the US (e.g., Sins Invalid)

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2. Residual Welfare Bureaucracy with Authoritarian Echoes

🟨 Dominant in: France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Czechia
🔧 Ideology: Statist paternalism, containment, rational order
🧠 Professional Training: Mix of psychodynamic, institutional psychiatry, and behavioralism
🎭 Face of Care: Ambivalent compassion, strong professional hierarchy
💣 Forms of Violence:

• Medicalization and institutionalization

• Professional mystique (gatekeeping diagnosis and treatment)

• Cultural suspicion of the unemployed or long-term mentally ill
  🛑 Deviants: The “non-functional,” the “dependent,” the “incorrigible”

🧷 Notable Ruptures:

• Anti-psychiatry movements (e.g., La Borde clinic in France)

• Dutch and Belgian experiments in Open Dialogue and social psychiatry

• Patient collectives and squatted care spaces in Germany

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3. Basaglian-Inflected Relational Care (Now Under Siege)

🟩 Dominant in: Historically parts of Italy (Trieste), briefly in Brazil (Porto Alegre, São Paulo), parts of Argentina
🧠 Professional Training: Grounded in phenomenology, relational theory, ethics of presence
🎭 Face of Care: Witnessing, situatedness.
💣 Forms of Violence:

• Pressure from national government and EU to return to "efficiency" and institutional logic

• Underfunding and attrition of relational practitioners

• Political suppression of radical models

🛑 Deviants: Those too entangled in intersecting crises for short-term relational models to hold

🧷 Notable Strengths:

• No locked wards in Trieste

• Care based on networks of meaning

• Patients as citizens, not inmates
  ⚠️ At Risk: Italy’s system is now fragile, politically targeted, and hollowed by austerity

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4. Postcolonial and Indigenous Relationality (Fragmented and Under Siege)

🟦 Dominant in: Some Indigenous communities in Canada, Aotearoa (NZ), South America; pockets of Africa and India
🔧 Ideology: Communal, spiritual, reciprocal, trauma-aware
🧠 Professional Training: Often intergenerational, narrative-based, ritual-centered
🎭 Face of Care: Kinship-based, embodied listening, non-clinical
💣 Forms of Violence:

• Colonial imposition of biomedical models

• NGO-ification and extraction

• Loss of land, language, continuity of care
  🛑 Deviants: Those who refuse assimilation into psychiatric-modernist norms

🧷 Notable Strengths:

• Connection between cosmology and healing

• Absence of the "case" or "client" as abstraction

• Recognition of land and dislocation in mental distress

📍CONCLUSION: GLOBAL CONVERGENCE, LOCAL POCKETS OF RESISTANCE

Even in places with humane traditions, the global drift is toward suspicion, austerity, and containment. The psy complex (psychiatry, psychology, social work) has become increasingly aligned with administrative biopolitical logic.

📊 MATRIX: MODES OF VIOLENCE IN MENTAL HEALTH & POVERTY SYSTEMS

System Type	Primary Violence	Key Attitude	Client Position	Risk of Total Dehumanization
Punitive-Neoliberal	Surveillance, Sanction	Suspicious, Procedural	Suspect, Drained	🔴 High
Residual Statist	Infantilization, Inertia	Authoritative, Ambivalent	Object of care	🟠 Moderate
Basaglian Relational	Political Dismantling	Witnessing, Ethical	Fellow citizen	🟢 Low (but rising)
Postcolonial/Indigenous	Epistemic Erasure	Kin-based, Situated	Embedded relational being	🟡 Variable