Tuesday 5 November 2024



"According to Lordon, neoliberalism teaches people to find joy in their subjugation and meaning in their obligatory tasks. The author defines this as: "epithumogenesis", which entails developing a regime of desire. The employees' desires are carefully aligned with the organisations' desires, usually maximising shareholder returns. Gordon says, "The epithumè is the product of the incessant work that society carries out on itself. But it is also the product of the continued work of agents or groups of agents within it who are interested in promoting imaginaries of desire that better align with their particular plans” (p.43). According to Lordon, capitalism should be considered a reorganisation of desire, which resonates well with neoliberal capital's self-presentation as a matter of desire and motivation. He suggests that Spinoza's anthropology of the passions offers a way of thinking of the willing slave as a non-contradictory figure for a reality we all recognise. Frédéric Lordon writes, "Neoliberal employment aims at enchantment and rejoicing" (p.60). Based on this statement, Lordon argues that the strength of the neoliberal form of the employment relation emanates from the companies' ability to re-internalise objects of desire, as the desire for many things, including new, intransitive satisfactions. This internalisation of objects of desire makes employees do their daily tasks without question because of the effect of the affects that cause joy or sadness in a person, further spurring the desire to do something. Therefore, Lordon claims that neoliberalism teaches people to find happiness in their repression and meaning in their mandatory tasks. He claims these desires are "for happy labour, or, to borrow directly from its vocabulary, desires for 'fulfilment' and 'self-realisation' in and through work(p.44). Similarly, Lordon also writes that coercion and consent are both forms of "the lived experience of determination" (p.64). For him, coercion is just an emotional term expressing the objective fact of fundamental determination, meaning that individuals are hardly coerced to work for others but determined when they consent. In this case, a determination is personal knowledge regarding the world gained via direct, first-hand involvement, which makes one align with the organisation's desires or participate in something as a result of this personal knowledge. In this respect, this determination for individuals to work for others or do something can either be in a state of joy or sadness, provided they consent. That is why Lordon claims that coercion and consent are both forms of livid experience of determination, as one can decide to do something in either a state of happiness or joy. On the other hand, determination by coercion, which also refers to coerced participation, is simply the over-mobilisation of individuals using sad affects. According to Lordon, coercion is the experience of the determination under a "sad affect", while consent is the experience of the determination under a "joyful affect"(p.50). In this case, consent entails aligning with the employer's desires. The inherent burden of this alignment is compensated by the joyful affect instigated by the individual’s love for the employer and job. According to Lordon, the effects play a vital role in contributing to joyful participation in employment relations and joyful alignment with employers' desires because of their affection for the employer and their jobs".

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